Red Iron

November 2, 2009 10:52 pm | Golf Clubs


Lodge Logic Pre-Seasoned Skillet


Lodge Logic Pre-Seasoned Skillet


$22.99


Made by the cast iron experts at Lodge, this revolutionary pan is preseasoned, so it’s ready to cook right out of the box. It’s perfect for making virtually anything from bacon and eggs to grilled sandwiches, pan-fried fish, and fabulous cornbread. Each has dual pour spouts and a helper handle. Lodge Logic’s new preseasoning process penetrates the metal’s pores thoroughly and uniformly, so it look…

Lodge Set of 2 Durable Polycarbonate Pan Scrapers,Red and Black


Lodge Set of 2 Durable Polycarbonate Pan Scrapers,Red and Black


$2.99


Lodge SCRAPERPK Pan Scraper, Red and Black Durable Polycarbonate Pan Scraper, 2 Pack, includes one each red and black Lodge SCRAPERPK Pan Scraper, Red and Black Features: Durable polycarbonate Red and Black 2 per card…

The Original RedNek Wine Glass


The Original RedNek Wine Glass


$4.11


Whether you’re swigging Moonshine or fine wine these ‘Redneck Wine Glasses’ are a fantastic way to have fun with your drinks! Also known as Mason Jar Wine Glasses these unique vessels will hold generous pours of your favorite beverage. Enjoy the party redneck style. Hand wash. Made in USA of lead-free glass….

Dark Horse


Dark Horse


$5.21


CD > POPULAR MUSIC > ROCK…

Room for Squares


Room for Squares


$5.57


Singer-songwriter John Mayer fills his debut, Room for Squares, with pep talks to and advertisements for himself. Even when questioning his young life, Mayer’s doubts come off glib; not one second of “Why Georgia” convinces that “the stirring in my soul” keeps the artiste awake at night. Between his Dave Matthews-wannabe vocals and the accomplished but bland lite rock of his band, he could be just…

Marty Robbins - All-Time Greatest Hits


Marty Robbins – All-Time Greatest Hits


$4.46


Marty Robbins has more greatest-hits compilations than most artists have hits. This 20-cut single-disc collection is one of the better values, with a representative selection that extends from gunfighter balladry such as “El Paso” (his 1959 chart-topper and biggest crossover success) and “Big Iron” to the calypso-tinged “Devil Woman” to his cover of Gordon Lightfoot’s folkish “Ribbon of Darkness.”…

Lady Be Good [VHS]


Lady Be Good [VHS]


$13.99


Everyone in this movie is terrific, and the story, about the humorously tempestuous relationship of a songwriting couple played by Ann Sothern and Robert Young, is one of the better ones among musicals of the period. The songs and dances are great, too, with two of the high points being Sothern’s “The Last Time I Saw Paris” and Eleanor Powell’s dancing finale. But most amazing of all is Powell’s d…

Red Badge of Courage [VHS]


Red Badge of Courage [VHS]


$14.95


John Huston’s The Red Badge of Courage, like Orson Welles’s The Magnificent Ambersons, is a heartbreakingly beautiful film mutilated by its studio after a disastrous preview process. You can–and should–read the fascinating production history in Lillian Ross’s Picture. Picture is a classic–and so’s the movie, even in a 69-minute reduction featuring a climactic Civil War battle that has Stephen…

Lovely to Look at [VHS]


Lovely to Look at [VHS]


$17.99


It’s pure comic mayhem when an American inherits half-interest in a Paris dress salon. Along with his buddies, they turn Parisian culture inside out and funny side up. Soon showbiz and romance are in the air as the group organizes a fashion show to raise money….

RoomMates RMK1078GSCS Amazing Spiderman Stick Peel & Giant Wall Decal


RoomMates RMK1078GSCS Amazing Spiderman Stick Peel & Giant Wall Decal


$14.00



Hakko Soldering Station, FX-888


Hakko Soldering Station, FX-888


$80.72


Affordable, durable temperature-adjustable soldering station. Smaller footprint saves valuable workbench space. More productivity due to increased thermal performance and faster thermal recovery time. Includes: Iron holder (with cleaning wire, cleaning sponge and rubber cleaner), Hexagon wrench, CAL adjustment driver, and Instruction Manual. Features: Adjustable temperature control with lock/set…

3M 03456C Scotchlite Reflective Tape, 2-Inch x 36-Inch, Silver


3M 03456C Scotchlite Reflective Tape, 2-Inch x 36-Inch, Silver


$3.34


Scotchlite, 2′ x 36′, Silver Reflective Safety Tape….

Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (Full Screen Edition)


Chitty Chitty Bang Bang (Full Screen Edition)


$3.39


This remastered, pan-and-scan 30th-anniversary edition of that kiddie-car caper is flawed but solid family fare. It retains a quaint charm while some of the songs–including the title tune–are quite hummable. A huge plus is Dick Van Dyke, who is extremely appealing as an eccentric inventor around the turn of the century. With nimble fingers and a unique way of looking at the world, he invents for…

The Lion King (Two-Disc Platinum Edition)


The Lion King (Two-Disc Platinum Edition)


$9.99


Not an ideal choice for younger kids, this hip and violent animated feature from Disney was nevertheless a huge smash in theaters and on video, and it continues to enjoy life in an acclaimed Broadway production. The story finds a lion cub, son of a king, sent into exile after his father is sabotaged by a rivalrous uncle. The little hero finds his way into the “circle of life” with some new friends…

Mother's Day [Blu-ray/DVD Combo]


Mother’s Day [Blu-ray/DVD Combo]


$11.45


Saw II helmer Darren Lynn Bousman brings a grim touch to this remake of the 1980 shocker, as three criminal brothers return home after a botched robbery. Surprised to discover their mother (Rebecca De Mornay) missing from the house and a young couple living there instead, the reprobate trio takes the pair and their guests hostage, instigating a reign of abusive terror that only escalates when Mom …

Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamins


Optimum Nutrition Opti-Men Multivitamins




HSI 1 CERAMIC TOURMALINE IONIC FLAT IRON HAIR STRAIGHTENER FREE HEAT CASE & GLOVE. DUAL VOLTAGE 110/220 IDEAL FOR TRAVEL


HSI 1 CERAMIC TOURMALINE IONIC FLAT IRON HAIR STRAIGHTENER FREE HEAT CASE & GLOVE. DUAL VOLTAGE 110/220 IDEAL FOR TRAVEL


$49.99


The PROFESSIONAL HSI Flat Iron is great for transforming frizzy, dull hair into gorgeously straight, sleek locks. Aside from straightening, the PROFESSIONAL HSI Flat Iron curls and flips hair beautifully, its 1″ plates giving maximum control for all hair types. With flash quick heating and swivel cord, this iron provides great style without making a mess or taking too much time. Featuring new easi…

Rainbow Light Just Once Prenatal One Multivitamin


Rainbow Light Just Once Prenatal One Multivitamin



Prenatal One Multivitamin by Rainbow Light…


Acase (TM) Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 100% Genuine Leather EZ Carry Case with 3 in 1 built in Stand for Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 Wi-Fi ONLY (BLACK)


Acase (TM) Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 100% Genuine Leather EZ Carry Case with 3 in 1 built in Stand for Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 Wi-Fi ONLY (BLACK)


$20.45


Introducing the lastest EZ-Carry 3in1 Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 Wi-Fi / 3G 4G LTE Leather Case from Acase Products line A must-have for your Apple Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1! This Acase EZ-carry 3in1 Leather Case is thin enough to match the thinness of the Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1, and your Samsung GALAXY Tab 10.1 can fit perfectly into this case. Not only does the case offer your Samsung GALAXY Tab 10….

Iron Man Holding Apple Vinyl MacBook Decal


Iron Man Holding Apple Vinyl MacBook Decal


$2.99



 #9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee L Cx9840173


#9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee L Cx9840173


$24.95


Short Sleeve crewneck contrast ringer tee with retro inspired distressed printing and finish.100% cotton. Screenprinted. Machine wash cold colors seperately tumble dry low do not bleach warm iron if necessary.

 #9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee M Cx9840172


#9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee M Cx9840172


$24.95


Short Sleeve crewneck contrast ringer tee with retro inspired distressed printing and finish.100% cotton. Screenprinted. Machine wash cold colors seperately tumble dry low do not bleach warm iron if necessary.

 #9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee Xl Cx9840174


#9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee Xl Cx9840174


$24.95


Short Sleeve crewneck contrast ringer tee with retro inspired distressed printing and finish.100% cotton. Screenprinted. Machine wash cold colors seperately tumble dry low do not bleach warm iron if necessary.

 #9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee Xxl Cx9840175


#9 Kasey Kahne Mens Heather Red Distressed Ringer Tee Xxl Cx9840175


$24.95


Short Sleeve crewneck contrast ringer tee with retro inspired distressed printing and finish.100% cotton. Screenprinted. Machine wash cold colors seperately tumble dry low do not bleach warm iron if necessary.

 #9 Kasey Kahne Red Dodge Youth Firesuit Replica Tee L Cx9811153


#9 Kasey Kahne Red Dodge Youth Firesuit Replica Tee L Cx9811153


$23.95


Preshrunk heavyweight 6.1 oz. 100% Cotton Youth Tee. Shoulder-to-shoulder tape and seamless collarette. Double needle neck sleeve and bottom hem. heather grey is 90% cotton 10% polyester This is a team color tee with a front and back print the design will replicate the front of the firesuit with a large name and number on the back. Machine wash cold tumble dry medium do not iron decoration.

 $4.49 shipped--$4.33 shipped--Iron-stand Protective Case Cover Shell for iPhone 4 /4S(Red)


$4.49 shipped–$4.33 shipped–Iron-stand Protective Case Cover Shell for iPhone 4 /4S(Red)


$4.49


It can protect your iPhone 4/4S in a stylish and practical way.

 (1) WHITE 4INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


(1) WHITE 4INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


$23.94


Cotton Buff: 50 ply with leather center & 4 rows of concentric stitching. The faces are pre-raked for even acceptance of any type of compound. Engineered, balanced and trued for dependable long term wear. Primarily used for a final finishing buff to produce a desired finish. Buffing Compound Kit Contains 1 each 1inch x 2 ?inch Tubes: Black Emery Compound: Used for coarse buffing, removes burrs, rust, scratches, iron steel and other hard metals. Red Jewelers Rouge: Creates high luster on soft metals, brass, copper, gold and all precious metals. Gray Stainless Compound: Used for stainless steel, nickel plate and plastics. Brown Tripoli: Removes surface imperfections on all base metals brass, aluminum and pewter. Tapered Spindle: Threaded end designed to screw into leather or lacquered-center buffs.

 (1) WHITE 6INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


(1) WHITE 6INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


$27.05


Cotton Buff: 50 ply with leather center & 4 rows of concentric stitching. The faces are pre-raked for even acceptance of any type of compound. Engineered, balanced and trued for dependable long term wear. Primarily used for a final finishing buff to produce a desired finish. Buffing Compound Kit Contains 1 each 1inch x 2 ?inch Tubes: Black Emery Compound: Used for coarse buffing, removes burrs, rust, scratches, iron steel and other hard metals. Red Jewelers Rouge: Creates high luster on soft metals, brass, copper, gold and all precious metals. Gray Stainless Compound: Used for stainless steel, nickel plate and plastics. Brown Tripoli: Removes surface imperfections on all base metals brass, aluminum and pewter. Tapered Spindle: Threaded end designed to screw into leather or lacquered-center buffs.

 (1) YELLOW 4INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


(1) YELLOW 4INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


$24.94


Cotton Buff: 50 ply with leather center & 4 rows of concentric stitching. The faces are pre-raked for even acceptance of any type of compound. Engineered, balanced and trued for dependable long term wear. Primarily used in the initial buffing process to deburr and remove scratches. This buff is a more aggressive cutting buff. Buffing Compound Kit Contains 1 each 1inch x 2 ?inch Tubes: Black Emery Compound: Used for coarse buffing, removes burrs, rust, scratches, iron steel and other hard metals Red Jewelers Rouge: Creates high luster on soft metals, brass, copper, gold and all precious metals. Gray Stainless Compound: Used for stainless steel, nickel plate and plastics. Brown Tripoli: Removes surface imperfections on all base metals brass, aluminum and pewter. Tapered Spindle: Threaded end designed to screw into leather or lacquered-center buffs.

 (1) YELLOW 6INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


(1) YELLOW 6INCH COTTON BUFF,(1) BUFFING COMPOUND 4PK,(1) TAPERED SPINDLE


$28.97


Cotton Buff: 50 ply with leather center & 4 rows of concentric stitching. The faces are pre-raked for even acceptance of any type of compound. Engineered, balanced and trued for dependable long term wear. Primarily used in the initial buffing process to deburr and remove scratches. This buff is a more aggressive cutting buff. Buffing Compound Kit Contains 1 each 1inch x 2 ?inch Tubes: Black Emery Compound: Used for coarse buffing, removes burrs, rust, scratches, iron steel and other hard metals. Red Jewelers Rouge: Creates high luster on soft metals, brass, copper, gold and all precious metals. Gray Stainless Compound: Used for stainless steel, nickel plate and plastics. Brown Tripoli: Removes surface imperfections on all base metals brass, aluminum and pewter. Tapered Spindle: Threaded end designed to screw into leather or lacquered-center buffs.

 1 Quart Cast Iron Sauce Pan - Color: Red


1 Quart Cast Iron Sauce Pan – Color: Red


$116.1


WCS1580: This pan has a wonderful wooden handle that stays cool even under the highest of temperatures. It comes with a lid with an easy grip knob and has a small spout on the lip for easy pouring. The sauce pan comes in blue, green, yellow, or red. Features: -Lid included -Wooden handle -Spout -Material: Cast-iron -Capacity: 1 Quart -Cleaning and care: Hand-wash in warm water -Warranty: 1 year -Size: 3.5 H x 6.25 W x 6.25 D

 1/25 HP, NRF-22 Red Fox Circulator Pump


1/25 HP, NRF-22 Red Fox Circulator Pump


$108.03


Type: Wet Rotor Circulator Pump. Horsepower: 1/25. Voltage: 115V. Housing Material: Cast Iron. Impeller Material: Polypropylene. Flange Size: 0.75 ; 1 ; 1.25 ; 1.5 .

 1/48 Ju88A-4 Schnell Bomber + Luftwaffe Ground Crew - Dragon Models USA, Inc. - CHC-5565


1/48 Ju88A-4 Schnell Bomber + Luftwaffe Ground Crew – Dragon Models USA, Inc. – CHC-5565


$30.87


DESCRIPTIONS: This twin-engine multirole aircraft was a true workhorse of the Luftwaffe during WWII, with the Ju88A serving as a dive bomber early in the war. The A-4 variant had long-span wings and new bomb-dropping equipment that allowed it to dive bomb, level bomb or torpedo bomb. Production of the Ju88 continued unabated from 1936-45 in various guises. This 1/48 plastic kit of the Ju88A-4 is fully detailed, and is well up to Cyber Hobby?s highest standards. With its well-known Dragon pedigree, modelers can be assured of a top-quality kit. Perhaps the most pertinent question on the minds of some modelers is what extras come with this Orange Box item! Well, enquirers won?t be disappointed. The aircraft is accompanied by a Luftwaffe ground crew who are preparing to load a bomb onto the Ju88A-4 prior to a mission. The figures are realistically posed, and they allow the creation of an authentic-looking scene. Indeed, this Orange Box item is an instant diorama straight from the box – it simply awaits the modeler?s touch to assemble an interesting airfield scene. Paint colors needed: White, Black, Red, Yellow, Brown, Silver, Flat White, Flat Black, Steel, Field Gray, Flesh, RLM71 Dark Green, RLM70 Black Green, RLM79 Sandy Brown, RLM65 Light Blue, RLM02 Gray, Burnt Iron, Sandy Yellow, Khaki Green, RLM04 Yellow, RLM23 Rot, and RLM78 Light Blue. Features: Highly detailed plastic model kitFigures are realistically posedDetailed instructionsPerfect for a diorama scenePlastic model kit, requires assemblyProduct Dimensions: 12.8 x 16.5 x 4.2 inches

 10 1/4'' Cast Iron Round Grill - Color: Red


10 1/4” Cast Iron Round Grill – Color: Red


$98.99


WCS1544: Features: -Cast-iron handle.-Grooved surface provides easy lifting of foods and keeps fat juices away from food.-Material: Cast-iron.-Diameter: 10.25”.-Cleaning and care: hand-wash with warm water. Color/Finish: -Three different colors: Green, Yellow, and Red. Warranty: -Warranty: 1 year.

 10 1/4'' Cast Iron Round Grill - Color: Yellow


10 1/4” Cast Iron Round Grill – Color: Yellow


$98.99


WCS1544: Features: -Cast-iron handle.-Grooved surface provides easy lifting of foods and keeps fat juices away from food.-Material: Cast-iron.-Diameter: 10.25”.-Cleaning and care: hand-wash with warm water. Color/Finish: -Three different colors: Green, Yellow, and Red. Warranty: -Warranty: 1 year.

 100% Cotton Men's Striped Short Sleeve Polo Shirt


100% Cotton Men’s Striped Short Sleeve Polo Shirt


$25.99


Color Light Green Red  Fabric  100% Cotton Care Label Maximum water temperature 30??? Do not use chlorine bleach Do not use tumble drying Do not dry clean Steam Iron(no more than 110???) Flat Dry Features  Short sleeve and button placket Classic stripe styling Note: There will be 1-2cm error due to different measurement method and tool. Suitable Shape (Height / Bust) Shoulder Bust Length Sleeve 165/84A/S 42CM 100CM 71CM 24CM 170/88A/M 44CM 106CM 72CM 24CM 175 / 92A / L 45CM 108CM 73CM 25CM 180/96A/XL 46CM 114CM 74CM 26CM 185/100A/2XL – - – - 190/104A/3XL – - –   –  

 101 Action Movies You Must See Before You Die


101 Action Movies You Must See Before You Die


$14.99


Drunken Master • On Her Majesty’s Secret Service • First Blood • True Lies • Mission Impossible • The Heroic Trio • Gladiator • Ong-Bak • Lara Croft: Tomb Raider • 300 • Iron Man • Crouching tiger, Hidden Dragon • Con Air • The Crow • The Taking of Pelham One Two Three • Captain Blood • Die Hard • The Perils of Pauline • Goldfinger • Mark of Zorro • Safety Last! • The Thief of Baghdad • Our Man Flint • Rollerball • Enter the Dragon • Superman • Raiders of the Lost Ark • The Towering Inferno • Death Race 2000 • The Anderson Tapes • Foxy Brown • The Getaway • Shaolin Temple • Top Gun • Leon • Bad Boys • Commando • Face/Off Ronin • The Bourne Supremacy • Blade • Speed • Cannonball • Under Seige • Bloodsport • The Hunt for Red October • La Femme Nikita • Police Story • Desperado • Fist of Legend • Patriot Games • Lethal Weapon • Point Break • From the string of stylish, iconic James Bond adventures to the fast-paced, dark works of Tsui Hark, John Woo, and Christopher Nolan, 101 Action Movies You Must See Before You Die looks at the action film in all its forms. It explores what draws an audience to the thrills of these tense roller-coaster rides on the big screen. Is it an appetite for violence or simply a desire to see the good guys get justice? • Action movies made actors like Bruce Willis into household names for their death-defying onscreen escapades. From Sean Connery to Sylvester Stallone, these larger-than-life heroes have kept us on the edge of our cinema seats. Arnie told us he would be back, Bruce Lee made martial arts ultra cool, and Angelina Jolie brought a video game vividly to life. And our appetite for derring-do remains unabated as we watch the Dark Night battle with evil

 101 War Movies You Must See Before You Die


101 War Movies You Must See Before You Die


$14.99


Ballad of a Soldier • Apocalypse Now • Enigma • The Great Escape • Downfall • The Charge of the Light Brigade • A Bridge Too Far • Black Hawk Down • Saving Private Ryan • Platoon • The Longest Day • Stalag 17 • M*A*S*H • Grave of the Fireflies • Gallipoli • No Man’s Land • Ran • The Killing Fields • Patton • Dr. Strangelove • The Dam Busters • Empire of the Sun • La Grande Illusion • Devils on the Doorstep • Land and Freedom • Hill 24 Doesn’t Answer • Glory • Good Morning, Vietnam • Das Boot • Europa, Europa • Hell in the Pacific • Hotel Rwanda • Cross of Iron • Full Metal Jacket • Rome, Open City • Lawrence of Arabia • Salvador • The Bridge on the River Kwai • Stalingrad • A Matter of Life and Death • Shame • In Which We Serve • Three Kings • Zulu • The Deer Hunter • Wings • Welcome to Sarajevo • The Thin Red Line • Catch-22 • Whether you know every line from The Great Escape or could watch The Bridge on the River Kwai again and again, 101 War Movies You Must See Before You Die is the book for you. Take a war, any war, from the beginning of time to the present day, throw in some amazing heroes, antiheroes, and a whole lot of action, and you have a classic war film. From Billy Wilder’s Stalag 17 to Michael Cimino’s The Deer Hunter, this is the perfect guide. • War films transcend more than one genre. From the first “antiwar” film, All Quiet on the Western Front, through Bogart and Hepburn in The African Queen to Clint Eastwood’s powerful Letters from Iwo Jima, war films have spanned several worlds of filmmaking. Discover movies that show us heroic struggles, as well as those that question the motives and morality of war. •

 1022 See-Through Weaver Scope Mt - 1022 See-Through Weaver Scope Mount


1022 See-Through Weaver Scope Mt – 1022 See-Through Weaver Scope Mount


$19.06


This mount allows use if iron sights while the scope, red dot or holographic sight is mounted to the rifle. Accepts standard Weaver rings. Black anodized aluminum construction, includes hardware.

 11'' Cast Iron Frying Pan with Cast Iron Handle and Lid - Color: Green


11” Cast Iron Frying Pan with Cast Iron Handle and Lid – Color: Green


$140.99


WCS1517: Features: -Cast-iron handle.-Nonstick.-Comes with lid.-2 spouts.-Material: Cast-Iron.-Diameter: 11”.-Cleaning and care: hand-wash in warm water. Options: -Comes in three different colors: Green, Yellow, and Red. Warranty: -Warranty: 1 year.

Red Iron
Red Iron

What is anaemia?

Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which is the molecule that carries oxygen in the blood. The red cells travel through the lungs where the haemoglobin becomes oxygenated (picks up oxygen) and bright red in colour. The red cells are then pumped by the heart to the rest of the body where the haemoglobin gives up its oxygen to the tissues and becomes dark blue in the process.

‘Anaemia’ means that the level of red cells, and therefore of haemoglobin, in the blood is abnormally low. As a result the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. Anaemia may be caused by excessive bleeding, by destruction of red cells or by decreased production of red cells. Anaemia caused by decreased production of red blood cells is discussed here. Anaemia from excessive bleeding is discussed in a separate Factsheet.

What causes anaemia and who is at risk?

Decreased production of red cells is mainly caused by:

  • not enough iron (iron deficiency),
  • vitamin B12 deficiency, or
  • folic acid (a vitamin, also called folate) deficiency.

For red blood cells to be produced by the bone marrow, many nutrients are needed, such as iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid. These are taken in by the body from food, and iron is also recycled from red cells that have died. Except for infants, a diet deficient in iron (which is predominantly found in red meat) does not cause anaemia. Generally, the only cause of iron-deficiency anaemia is chronic (prolonged) bleeding, during which the body’s supply of recycled iron is too low and the shortfall cannot be made up by the diet. Menstrual bleeding is the most common cause of iron-deficiency anaemia in women before the menopause, but after this and in men it is usually caused by bleeding from somewhere in the gut, such as a polyp (a benign growth), cancer of the large bowel or a peptic ulcer.

Chronic (prolonged) diseases, such as infections, rheumatoid arthritis and cancer, can cause iron-deficiency anaemia because the developing red cells in the bone marrow are unable to use the iron stores.

Red blood cells also need vitamin B12 and folic acid to mature. If either is lacking then an anaemia called ‘megaloblastic anaemia’ develops in which the red cells are large and abnormal (called ‘megaloblast cells’). The main cause of vitamin B12 deficiency anaemia is ‘pernicious anaemia’, in which there is inadequate absorption of vitamin B12 from the diet (mainly from meat and some vegetables).

Vitamin B12 binds a protein called intrinsic factor which is produced in the stomach; this complex of vitamin B12 and intrinsic factor travels to the small bowel where it is absorbed into the blood stream. Without intrinsic factor, vitamin B12 cannot be absorbed; in pernicious anaemia, the stomach does not produce intrinsic factor and so vitamin B12 is not absorbed, however much is taken in the diet.

This anaemia can often take more than two years to develop because there are large stores of vitamin B12 in the liver. In some diseases of the small bowel, such as Crohn’s disease, vitamin B12 absorption can be impaired. A strict vegetarian diet can also cause vitamin B12 deficiency.

A lack of folic acid, which is more common in the Western world than lack of vitamin B12, also leads to megaloblastic anaemia. The main cause is a diet poor in folic acid, which is mainly found in fresh fruit and raw vegetables. Reduced uptake of folic acid can be caused by excessive alcohol consumption and by certain medicines.

Some drugs used to treat cancer also cause megaloblastic anaemia.

What are the common symptoms and complications of anaemia?

The symptoms of anaemia include:

  • tiredness,
  • breathlessness,
  • dizziness (especially when standing), and
  • a weak, rapid pulse.

Iron deficiency also causes:

  • inflammation of the tongue,
  • cracks at the sides of the mouth,
  • deformities of the fingernails, and
  • pica (a craving for earth, ice or other non-foods).

Vitamin B12 deficiency also causes:

  • damage to nerves (abnormal sensation and movement),
  • sore tongue,
  • pigmented skin,
  • colour blindness, and
  • depression, confusion and decreased intellectual function.

Folic acid deficiency also causes:

  • foetal malformations (including spina bifida) and
  • neurological abnormalities in infants.

How do doctors recognise anaemia?

Anaemia is identified by blood tests to measure the number of red blood cells and the amount of haemoglobin in the blood. Iron, vitamin B12 and folic acid levels can be measured and megaloblast cells can also be seen under the microscope. The source of bleeding is usually investigated in iron-deficiency anaemia and other more involved tests can be done to check vitamin B12 uptake for pernicious anaemia.

What is the treatment for anaemia?

Self-care action plan

A varied diet should be followed. If you are a meat-eater, make sure you eat plenty of raw vegetables and fruit. If you are a strict vegetarian, you should consider vitamin B12 supplements to prevent the possibility of permanent neurological damage. Pregnant women should take iron and folic acid supplements because of the increased needs of the baby. Indeed, women should take folic acid before conception.

Medicines

Iron-deficiency anaemia is treated by stopping any bleeding, which may necessitate surgery and/or medicines for conditions such as peptic ulcer or excessive blood loss from menstruation. Iron supplements are also given; they may cause constipation and turn the stools black (this is harmless). Iron supplements do not help the anaemia of chronic disease and doctors usually try to treat the underlying condition. Vitamin B12 deficiency is usually treated with life-long monthly injections of vitamin B12 because poor absorption when taken by mouth is usually the problem. Folic acid deficiency is usually treated with folic acid tablets or syrup.

What is the outcome of anaemia?

Most types of anaemia are easily treated with appropriate supplements. If bleeding is the cause of iron-deficiency anaemia, the outcome depends on the underlying cause, as is the case with anaemia of chronic disease.

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Iron is biologically important in the transport of oxygen by red blood cells from the lungs to the various org

organs of the body. In the blood of an adult human, there are approximately 2.65 x 1013 red blood cells with a total of 2.90 g of iron. On the average, how many iron atoms are present in each red blood cell? (The molar mass of iron is 55.85 g.)

2.90 g Fe x (6.02 x 10^23 atoms Fe / 55.85 g Fe) = 3.13 x 10^22 atoms Fe

Atoms Fe / RBC = 3.13 x 10^22 atoms / 2.65 x 10^13 RBC = 1.18 x 10^9 Fe atoms / rbc or 1.18 billion iron atoms per red blood cell.

LA Amp Show-Red Iron Amps

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