Golf Clubs

Lodge Color 6-Quart Dutch Oven $117.95 Cast from molten iron in individual sand molds, each piece features two layers of baked-on enamel. The 6-quart size is perfect for soups, stews or buttery peach cobblers, and easily goes from stovetop or oven to table to freezer. The deep colors make them excellent for serving.Product Features• Oven-safe to 400 degrees F• Freezer-safe• Tightly fitting lid seals in moisture and the k…

Cuisinart Chef’s Classic Cookware Universal Pot Rack Hooks, Set of 6 …

Lodge Logic Pre-Seasoned Skillet $22.99 Made by the cast iron experts at Lodge, this revolutionary pan is preseasoned, so it’s ready to cook right out of the box. It’s perfect for making virtually anything from bacon and eggs to grilled sandwiches, pan-fried fish, and fabulous cornbread. Each has dual pour spouts and a helper handle. Lodge Logic’s new preseasoning process penetrates the metal’s pores thoroughly and uniformly, so it look…

Room for Squares $5.57 Singer-songwriter John Mayer fills his debut, Room for Squares, with pep talks to and advertisements for himself. Even when questioning his young life, Mayer’s doubts come off glib; not one second of “Why Georgia” convinces that “the stirring in my soul” keeps the artiste awake at night. Between his Dave Matthews-wannabe vocals and the accomplished but bland lite rock of his band, he could be just…

Evita: The Complete Motion Picture Music Soundtrack $6.26 Evita was finally filmed in 1996, 20 years after its initial incarnation as a studio-bound rock opera. In between, of course, it was one of the most successful and long-running musicals on either side of the Atlantic. Given such a long history, the film might easily have been a stale anticlimax, fatally holed by our overfamiliarity with songs such as the ubiquitous “Don’t Cry for Me, Argentina.” O…

Ocean Avenue $7.53 All products are BRAND NEW and factory sealed. Fast shipping and 100% Satisfaction Guaranteed….

Reversal of Fortune [VHS] $1.47 One of the most intriguing criminal trials of the 1980s involved Claus von Bülow, who was accused of sending his rich wife Sunny into a permanent coma with an overdose of insulin. Director Barbet Schroeder, working from Nicholas Kazan’s evocative, darkly humorous script, turns the story into both a look at the lives of rich folks with too much time on their hands and a whodunit, as lawyer Alan De…

For Love of the Game [VHS] $1.25 Billy Chapel (Kevin Costner) is having a bad day. His girlfriend Jane (Kelly Preston, stunning as ever) says she’s leaving, and his boss (Brian Cox) says he’s selling the business and ace employee Billy may be out of job. Sounds like business as usual for an old-fashioned veteran. However, the business is baseball and for Billy Chapel, the 40-year old former all-star for the Detroit Tigers, it mea…

Brideshead Revisited, Books 1-6 [VHS] $46.79 Fill a bowl with alpine strawberries, break out the Château Lafite (1899, of course), and bask in this benchmark 1981 British miniseries based on Evelyn Waugh’s classic novel. Adapted for the screen by John Mortimer (Rumpole of the Bailey), this impeccable, nearly 11-hour production mesmerized American viewers during the course of its PBS run in 1982. In his breakthrough role, Jeremy Irons stars …

Belkin Conserve Socket F7C009q Energy-Saving Outlet $9.66 Conserve Socket Power Timer. Many of the electronics and appliances around your home use electricity even when they’re not in use wasting energy and driving up your electric bill. The Conserve Socket Power Timer automatically shuts off power (including standby power) to your electronics and appliances after a time interval you select to help you save energy. Choose between three settings: 30 minut…

Belkin Conserve Socket with Energy-Saving Outlet $24.68 Conserve Smart AV Auto-Off Surge Protector. Now you can automatically turn off up to five entertainment system ponents when you turn off your TV and easily reduce standby power. The Master Outlet senses when your TV is on or off and controls power to five peripheral outlets for your AV ponents. Two outlets stay on for devices that need continuous power like DVRs. Control power to your whole entert…

Belkin Conserve Insight Energy-Use Monitor $28.24 Find out how much energy your devices really use. The Belkin Conserve Insight Energy Monitor lets you to understand the impact of your energy use on your electric bill – and on the environment. See at a glance the cost of operation, watts, and the amount of carbon dioxide associated with the electricity consumed. Plug this device into a three-prong grounded wall outlet, plug your electrical produc…

Pumping Iron (25th Anniversary Special Edition) $3.64 Studio: Hbo Home Video Release Date: 12/12/2006 Run time: 85 minutes Rating: Nr…

The Office: Season One $6.39 The British sitcom The Office has the most devoted following this side of Monty Python, so an American remake seemed doomed. Amazingly, the remake actually finds its own enjoyable version of the original’s uncanny comedy of embarrassment. Office manager Michael Scott (Steve Carell, The Daily Show, The 40 Year-Old Virgin) believes he’s the beloved leader of the Scranton, Pennsylvania, branch of a …

Supernatural: The Complete First Season $18.29 All 22 episodes from the premiere season–including the pilot, “Phantom Traveler,” “Route 666,” “Something Wicked,” and “Devil’s Trap”–are featured in a six-disc set. 15 1/2 hrs. total. Widescreen (Enhanced); Soundtrack: English Dolby Digital stereo; Subtitles: French, Portuguese, Spanish; deleted scenes; extended scenes; featurettes; photo gallery. **22 episodes on 6 discs. 15 1/2 hrs.**…

Similac Advance Early Shield, Formula, Powder, 23.2-Ounces (Pack of 6) $130.00 Birth to 12 months. No. 1 brand fed in hospitals. DHA/ARA. Milk/powder. Early Shield. Immune support; brain & eyes; strong bones. Lutein & DHA. Complete nutrition for your baby’s 1st year. Closer than ever to breast milk. Scoop stored in lid for easy access. Help your baby reach important milestones with Similac Advance – an ideal first formula to provide complete nutrition for your baby’s first y…

Similac Sensitive Advance Infant Formula with Iron, For Fussiness and Gas, Ready to Feed, 32-Fluid Ounces (Pack of 6) $34.29 Formerly Similac Lactose-Free RTFA complete powdered infant formula that is an alternative to standard milk-based formulas when sensitivity to lactose is a concern and a milk-based formula is preferred. Contains DHA and ARA fatty acids found in breast milk that are important for mental and visual development.   Ready to feed form.Case of 6 x 32 oz cans …

Mustela High Protection Sun Lotion SPF 50 – 1.67 oz. $10.49 Mustela High Protection Sun Lotion SPF 50 is a rich, water-resistant cream that ensures double protection on the surface and at the cellular level from the sun. The High Protection Sun Lotion SPF 50 from Mustela provides optimal surface protection from the sun with an extra-broad spectrum (IR /long and short UVA/UVB rays) with mineral filters and their reflective power (titanium dioxide-iron and z…

CaseCrown Hard Case Cover (Blue) for Amazon Kindle 3/Keyboard $5.21 Store and protect your eBook with this CaseCrown Hard eBook Case Cover during use or while traveling. The all-around full zipper closure and strong hard exterior guarantees premium protection from any possible damages while the interior walls of the case are lined with shock absorbing foam. A lower mesh pocket with an elastic band is attached along the first interior wall to carry additional acces…

6-20P to C13 Power Cord, 6 Foot – 15A, 250V, 14/3 SJT Wire $8.00 6 foot NEMA 6-20P male plug to IEC C13 power cord. The 6-20P plug mates with a T-Slot style 20A, 250V receptacle, while the C13 end mates with an IEC C14 inlet, commonly found on the rear panel of a computer….

Five-Head” Creek; and Fish Drugging In The Pacific $0.99 II had ridden all day through an endless vista ot ghostly grey gums and ironbarks, when I came in sight of the long wavering line of vivid green foliage which showed me that I had reached my destination–a roughly-built slab hut with a roof of corrugated iron. This place was to be my home for six months, and stood on the bank of Five-Head Creek, twenty-five miles from the rising city of Townsville in North Queensland.Riding up to the building, I got off my wearied, sweating horse, and, removing the saddle and my blanket and other impediments, led him to the creek to drink, and then hobbled and turned him loose to feed on the soft lush grass and reeds growing along the margin of the water. Then I entered the empty house, made a brief examination of it, and wondered how my mate would like living in such an apparently comfortless abode.

10 Lbs Sluggo Snail and Slug Control $56.98 This Sluggo pest killer from Monterey features a unique blend of iron phosphate active ingredient originating from soil with slug and snail bait additives. Lures slugs and snails out and causes them to stop feeding. Decreases plant damage from slugs and snails Bait which is not ingested by pests will degrade and become part of the soil Pests begin to die within three to six days of ingestion Scatter on the lawn or on the soil around any vegetables, flowers, fruit trees or bushes to be protected

10th Division (Imperial Japanese Army) $62.33 New – Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. IJA Tenth Division was an infantry division in the Imperial Japanese Army. Its call sign was the Iron Division. The 10th Infantry Division was formed on 1 October 1898, as one of the six new reserve divisions created after the First Sino-Japanese War. It consisted of troops from the Himeiji region, namely the three prefectures of Hy go, Okayama and Tottori, plus a

1716 Establishments: Cornwall Iron Furnace $26.16 Used – Chapters: Cornwall Iron Furnace. Source: Wikipedia. Pages: 34. Not illustrated. Free updates online. Purchase includes a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: Cornwall Iron Furnace – Cornwall Iron Furnace was one of many ironworks that were built in Pennsylvania over a sixty-year period, from 1716-1776. There were at least 21 blast furnaces, 45 forges, four bloomeries, six steel furnaces, three slitt

18 Gel Fuel Log Set by Real Flame – Birch $149.99 Add the warmth and style of real flame to your home without the soot smoke and hassle of a log-burning fireplace. The Real Flame 18 Convert-to-Gel Log Set (2610-B) transforms your traditional fireplace to a clean efficient gel-burning fireplace – no moving wood no cleaning ash just gentle heat and an attractive real flame. This easy to insert log set includes six synthetic logs that use Real Flame gel fuel cans. Burning Real Flame gel fuel allows you to use your existing fireplace without opening the damper. Use these ventless fireplace logs in the summer for a cozy fire without heating up the house. The vent-free log set also includes a heavy wrought iron grate with lift assembly and lava rock to be spread under the grate for ash effect. Specifically designed to burn up to three cans of Real Flame wood substitute at a time. Realistic design. Use with gel fireplace. Uses real flame fuel gel (sold separately). Real flame 18 convert-to-gel log set – birch. Use in outdoor firepit & indoor fireplace. Smoke-free fire. Easy to install. Comes complete with 6 piece log set grate and decorative lava rock. Finish: Birch. Dimensions: 12 H x 18 W x 14.5 D.

1911 Works $32.01 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Excerpt: The Black Hawk Statue, or The Eternal Indian, is a sculpture by Lorado Taft located in Lowden State Park which is near the city of Oregon, Illinois. The statue is perched over the Rock River on a 77 foot (23.5 m) bluff overlooking the city. The statue was created by Lorado Taft, beginning in 1908. Taft at first created smaller studies of what would become the statue. The statue itself was dedicated in 1911. Taft noted at the dedication that the statue seemed to have grown out of the ground. It stands on the ground that was once home to the Eagle’s Nest Art Colony, which Taft founded in 1898. Though never publicized at the time of construction, when funds were exhausted, future Illinois Governor Frank Lowden had stepped in to ensure the completion of Black Hawk was financially possible. The statue was planned by Taft and several of his students and associates, at the Art Colony, which is now part of the Taft Campus of Northern Illinois University and is adjacent to Lowden State Park. An original model of the statue is now on permanent display at the art museum of the Discovery Center in Rockford, Illinois. Another model is located at the Oregon Public Library in Oregon, Illinois. Black Hawk Statue, Lowden State ParkThe statue stands 125 feet above the Rock River, though its height only accounts for 48 feet of that. Black Hawk weighs in at 536,770 pounds and is said to be the second largest concrete monolithic statue in the world. It wears a long blanket and stares across the river with folded arms. With the help of John G. Prasuhn, a young sculptor of the Chicago Art Institute, Lorado Taft created a figure almost 50 feet tall, including a six-foot base. Reinforced with iron rods, the hollow statue is eight inches to three feet thick. The inte… More:

1930s Crime Films (Study Guide) $19.99 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Scarface, Five Star Final, the Public Enemy, the Testament of Dr. Mabuse, S.o.s. Coast Guard, Dick Tracy Returns, Marked Woman, the Spider’s Web, the Roaring Twenties, Each Dawn I Die, G Men, Little Caesar, Wonder Bar, the Galloping Ghost, Night Nurse, Fog Over Frisco, the Unholy Three, the Mask of Fu Manchu, Public Hero No. 1, Invisible Stripes, Raffles, I Stole a Million, City Streets, Radio Patrol, the Big Shakedown, Payment Deferred, Slaves in Bondage, Finger Prints, Crime Unlimited, the Black Room, the Bat Whispers, Dance, Fools, Dance, Night at the Crossroads, Smart Money, Grumpy, It’s a Wonderful World, the Public Pays, This Day and Age, Bulldog Drummond’s Peril, Black Fury, the Public Defender, Two Seconds, Winterset, Raffles, the Case of the Curious Bride, Daughter of the Dragon, This Is My Affair, Blackmail, Mr. Wong, Detective, the Girl From Chicago, the Case of the Velvet Claws, Evelyn Prentice, Bulldog Jack, the Secret Six, the Beast of the City, Windjammer, Below the Deadline, the Case of the Lucky Legs, Blind Alley, the Return of Dr. Fu Manchu, Blake of Scotland Yard, 15 Maiden Lane, the Unguarded Hour, Dangerous to Know, Death on the Diamond, Bank Alarm, Adventure in Manhattan, Corruption, Behind the Mask, the Streets of New York, Escape by Night, Tough to Handle, Anything to Declare?, Shadows of the Orient, Limehouse Blues, the Mouthpiece, Held for Ransom, Torture Money, Achtung! – Auto-Diebe!, Bad Boy, the Outer Gate, Under Cover Man, Wilton’s Zoo, Black Pearl, the Captain’s Table, Arizona to Broadway, Midnight Club, Crimen a Las Tres, When London Sleeps, Pick-Up, the Crooked Lady, the Strange Love of Molly Louvain, Murder at Covent Garden, Blonde Crazy, the Desert Island, the Iron Stair, the Crime of the Century, Klokslag Twaalf, Private Detective 62,

1961 in Economics 1961 in Economics: Companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland Helicopters, Lola Cars 961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland… $23.99 Used – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland Helicopters, Lola Cars, Six Flags, Sinclair Research, Humana, Scientific Data Systems, Iron City Brewing Company, Lee International, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, Sinclair Radionics, Time-life, Norfolkline,

1961 in Economics 1961 in Economics: Companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland Helicopters, Lola Cars 961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland… $23.99 New – Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Companies Disestablished in 1961, Companies Established in 1961, Venevisin, Frito-Lay, Westland Helicopters, Lola Cars, Six Flags, Sinclair Research, Humana, Scientific Data Systems, Iron City Brewing Company, Lee International, Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation, Sinclair Radionics, Time-life, Norfolkline,

1991 Novels $26.99 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Stranger in a Strange Land, the Sweet Hereafter, Sliver, the Dark Tower Iii: the Waste Lands, American Psycho, Damage, Regeneration, How the García Girls Lost Their Accents, Needful Things, Imajica, as the Crow Flies, the Man Who Fell in Love With the Moon, Outlander, Wise Children, Donald Duk, Xenocide, Dragon Cauldron, the Babysitter Ii, Redeeming Love, Dreamside, Onitsha, Timewyrm: Revelation, Scarlett, Timewyrm: Exodus, Ring, Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture, Heir to the Empire, Timewyrm: Genesys, the Deceiver, Perchance to Dream, the Firm, Black Sun Rising, Cold Fire, He, She and It, the Gospel According to Jesus Christ, Fallen Angels, Boy’s Life, Timewyrm: Apocalypse, Sophie’s World, the Nutmeg of Consolation, the Sum of All Fears, Lila: an Inquiry Into Morals, Dear Nobody, Witches Abroad, Venus in Copper, Flicker, the Phoenix Guards, Mutineers’ Moon, Tam Lin, Starry Nights, Secrets of the Morning, the Swords of Zinjaban, the Druid of Shannara, the Dragon Reborn, the General Is Up, Cebu, Inconstant Star, the War in 2020, Athletic Shorts: Six Short Stories, Forbidden Knowledge, Time’s Arrow, Cloudstreet, the Man From Barbarossa, Mariel of Redwall, Blue Moon Rising, Mao Ii, All the Weyrs of Pern, Duncton Wood, Union Forever, Reaper Man, Vital Signs, by the Sword, the Genocidal Healer, We All Fall Down, Indiana Jones and the Peril at Delphi, the Eagle Has Flown, the Garden of Rama, Duel of Dragons, Conan the Outcast, the Cat Who Knew a Cardinal, Winds of Fate, Strange Objects, the Last Camel Died at Noon, Jerusalem Interlude, Such a Long Journey, Body of Evidence, Vortex, Night Over Water, Putting on the Ritz, the Tokaido Road, Red Iron Nights, South by South East, Summer of Night, the Story of Tracy Beaker, a Bad Spell

2006 Comic Debuts: Flash, Justice League, X-Factor, Moon Knight, Civil War, the Authority, Eternals, Spirit, Civil War: Front Line $36.29 New – Chapters: Flash, Justice League, X-Factor, Moon Knight, Civil War, The Authority, Eternals, Spirit, Civil War: Front Line, Return to Labyrinth, 52, All Star Superman, The Halo Graphic Novel, Checkmate, Star Brand, The Transformers: Spotlight, Stone Island, Bride of the Water God, The Boys, List of Stargate comics, Mystery in Space, An Ideal World, Nightmask, Batman Confidential, Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic, Agents of Atlas, Shadowpact, Secret Six, The Immortal Iron Fist, The Ame

2006 Racehorse Births $14.14 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher’s book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Rachel Alexandra, Sea the Stars, Mine That Bird, Bambera, Summer Bird, Quality Road, Stardom Bound, Square Eddie, General Quarters, Old Fashioned, I Want Revenge, Starspangledbanner, Milwaukee Appeal, Payton D’oro, Dunkirk, Eye of the Leopard, Papa Clem, Sariska, Careless Jewel, Misremembered, Friesan Fire, Zensational, Fame and Glory, Midshipman, Stacelita, Pioneerof the Nile, Elusive Wave, Man of Iron, Mastercraftsman, Big Drama, Haynesfield, Vineyard Haven, Rip Van Winkle, Midday, Flashing, So You Think, Golden Sword. Excerpt: Bambera Bambera (foaled 2006 in Venezuela ) is a currently active Champion Thoroughbred racehorse . She is trained by Gustavo Delgado for her owners, Gregorio Castro and Raúl Fraga, who race under the name, Paula C Stable. Breeding and Pedigree Bambera was bred by Amín Saiden’s Haras San Isidro in the parish of Magdaleno, Zamora Municipality, Aragua . She was sired by Water Poet, a stakes winner in France who has been the leading sire in Venezuela (2004 2009) in six of his seven years there at stud . Water Poet is a son of the British super-stallion, Sadler’s Wells . Her damsire is Le Voyageur, a son of 1977 U.S. Triple Crown winner, Seattle Slew . Her pedigree is also studded with female standouts including Triple Tiara winner Davona Dale and blue hen mares My Charmer and Natalma . Accomplishments A winner of seven Argentinean Grade 1 races, and the Venezuela Champion Two and Three Year-Old Filly of 2008 and 2009, she was also voted 2009 Venezuelan Horse of the Year and has beaten male horses on numerous occasions. She was featured in Stride Magazine in April 2010. 2009 Racing Campaign Her three-year-old victories in the Clásico Hipódromo La Rinconada, the Clásico Prensa Hípica Nacional, and the

2008 Comic Debuts: Captain Marvel, Clandestine, Dead Space, the Authority, Batgirl, X-Force, Eternals, Captain Britain and Mi13, Final Crisis $26.97 Used – Chapters: Captain Marvel, ClanDestine, Dead Space, The Authority, Batgirl, X-Force, Eternals, Captain Britain and MI13, Final Crisis, Cyborg, Nightschool, Project Superpowers, Ultimatum, Kick-Ass, Trinity, Young Liars, Secret Invasion, The Incredible Hercules, X-Men: Divided We Stand, Secret Six, Guardians of the Galaxy, Number of the Beast, Locke & Key, The End League, Unknown Soldier, The Invincible Iron Man, Joker, Zombie, The Dark Tower: Treachery, Universal War One, Final Crisis: Leg

2008 Comic Debuts: Captain Marvel, Clandestine, Dead Space, the Authority, Batgirl, X-Force, Eternals, Captain Britain and Mi13, Final Crisis $29.94 New – Chapters: Captain Marvel, ClanDestine, Dead Space, The Authority, Batgirl, X-Force, Eternals, Captain Britain and MI13, Final Crisis, Cyborg, Nightschool, Project Superpowers, Ultimatum, Kick-Ass, Trinity, Young Liars, Secret Invasion, The Incredible Hercules, X-Men: Divided We Stand, Secret Six, Guardians of the Galaxy, Number of the Beast, Locke & Key, The End League, Unknown Soldier, The Invincible Iron Man, Joker, Zombie, The Dark Tower: Treachery, Universal War One, Final Crisis: Legi

21 Standard Style Ceiling Fan Blades – Finish: Antique Oak $71 Shown in rustic iron – CFC1662: Features: -Standard Style Ceiling Fan Blades.-Set of 5.-For indoor use only.-Set of 5 blades. Construction: -Eight ply construction using six layers of cross-laminated wood to prevent warping and two layers of furniture-grade wood veneer. Dimensions: -Overall dimensions: 21” L.

24 Convert-To-Gel Log Set for Traditional Fireplaces – Oak $129.99 Convert-to-Gel Log Set for Traditional Fireplaces Item #2609 Never lug wood or sweep ashes again Six realistic looking oak logs hold up to 3 cans of gel fuel Lift assembly allows easy access to replace fuel cans No need for venting or opening the flue Ideal for dormant fireplaces Includes logs, wrought iron grate and decorative lava rocks Gel fuel not included Dimensions: 12 H x 24 W x 12 D Material(s): iron/concrete/lava rocks

25 Convert-To-Gel Log Set for Traditional Fireplaces – Birch $174.99 Convert-to-Gel Log Set for Traditional Fireplaces Item #2609-B Never lug wood or sweep ashes again Six realistic looking birch logs hold up to 3 cans of gel fuel Lift assembly allows easy access to replace fuel cans No need for venting or opening the flue Ideal for dormant fireplaces Includes logs, wrought iron grate and decorative lava rocks Gel fuel not included Dimensions: 12 H x 25 W x 14.5 D Material(s): iron/concrete/lava rocks

4 Light Wrought Iron Chandelier – Crystal Color: Clear $93.99 Shown with Pink Faux-Sapphire Crystals – TI1819: Features: -Available with clear or pink faux-sapphire crystals.-Four 25-watt candelabra bulbs.-Six foot hanging chain.

4 Light Wrought Iron Chandelier – Crystal Color: Pink $95.99 Shown with Pink Faux-Sapphire Crystals – TI1819: Features: -Available with clear or pink faux-sapphire crystals.-Four 25-watt candelabra bulbs.-Six foot hanging chain.

50 Years of Miracles: And Adventures $26.15 New – On his nineteenth birthday, Raymond Youdath, a farm boy from Painesville, Ohio, is placed into an iron lung and falls into a deep coma. He wakes up several weeks later to find polioas unmerciful carnage has changed his six-foot-six, two-hundred-pound body into a ninety-eight-pound quadriplegic. Six months later he escapes his iron mistress and is sent to Warm Springs, Georgia. Unable to help him, except to accustom him to a wheelchair, they send him home suggesting he never marries or has

Six Iron

Uses And Health Effects Of Iron

 

The period in human history beginning in about 1200 B.C. is called the Iron Age as it was at about this time that humans first learned how to use iron metal. But in some ways, one could refer to the current era as the New Iron Age as iron is probably the most widely used and most important metal today. No other metal is available to replace iron in all its many applications. Iron is a transition metal. The transition metals are typical metals in that they tend to be bright, shiny, silvery solids. They all tend to conduct heat and electricity well. And they usually have high melting points. 

Iron normally does not occur as a free element in the earth. In fact, iron was not of much value to humans until they learned how to free iron from its compounds. Once they could do that, humans were able to make tools, weapons, household implements, and other objects out of iron. This step marked the beginning of the Iron Age. Some meteorites are very rich in iron.   Iron is most valuable not as a pure metal, but in alloys. An alloy is made by melting and mixing two or more metals. The mixture has properties different from those of the individual metals. The best known and most widely used alloy of iron is steel which contains iron and at least one other element. Today, specialized steels of all kinds are available for many different applications.

Ancient Egyptians had learned how to use iron before the First Dynasty, which began in about 3400 B.C. The Egyptians probably found the iron in meteorites. Meteorites are chunks of rock and metal that fall from the sky. Some meteorites are very rich in iron. The Egyptians made tools and jewelry out of iron. Iron is probably the most widely used and most important metal today. Iron was also known to early Asian civilizations. In Delhi, India, for example, a pillar made out of iron built in A.D. 415 still stands. It weighs 6.5 metric tons and remains in good condition after nearly 1,600 years.

Early Chinese civilizations also knew about iron. Workers learned to produce iron as early as 200 B.C. A number of iron objects, including cannons, remain from the Han period (202 B.C. to A.D. 221). The Bible also includes many mentions of iron. For example, a long passage in the book of Job describes the mining of iron. Other passages tell about the processing of iron ore to obtain iron metal. By the time of the Roman civilization, iron had become an essential metal. The historian Pliny (A.D. 23-79) described the role of iron in Rome:

It is by the aid of iron that we construct houses, cleave rocks, and perform so many other useful offices of life. But it is with iron also that wars, murders, and robberies are effected, and this, not only hand to hand, but from a distance even, by the aid of weapons and winged weapons, now launched from engines, now hurled by the human arm, and now furnished with feathery wings. Even from the earliest days, humans probably seldom used iron in a pure form. It was difficult to make iron that was free of impurities, such as carbon (charcoal) and other metals. More important, however, it became obvious that iron with impurities was a stronger metal that iron without impurities.

It was not until 1786, however, that scientists learned what it was in steel that made it a more useful metal than iron. Three researchers, Gaspard Monge (1746-1818), C. A. Vandermonde, and Claude Louis Berthollet (1748-1822) solved the puzzLe. They found that a small amount of carbon mixed with iron produced a strong alloy. That alloy was steel. Today, the vast amount of iron used in so many applications is used in the form of steel, not pure iron. Ancient Egyptians had learned how to use iron before the First Dynasty, which began in about 3400 B.C. The chemical symbol for iron is Fe. That symbol comes from the Latin name for iron, ferrum.

Iron is a silvery-white or grayish metal. It is ductile and malleable. It is one of only three naturally occurring magnetic elements. The other two are nickel and cobalt. Iron has a very high tensile strength. Iron is also very workable. Workability is the ability to bend, roll, hammer, cut, shape, form, and otherwise work with a metal to get it into a desired shape or thickness. The melting point of pure iron is 1,536°C (2,797°F) and its boiling point is about 3,000°C (5,400°F). Its density is 7.87 grams per cubic centimeter. The melting point, boiling point, and other physical properties of steel alloys may be quite different from those of pure iron.

Iron is a very active metal. It readily combines with oxygen in moist air. The product of this reaction, iron oxide (Fe2O3), is known as rust. Iron also reacts with very hot water and steam to produce hydrogen gas. It also dissolves in most acids and reacts with many other elements. Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the Earth’s crust. Its abundance is estimated to be about 5 percent. Most scientists believe that the Earth’s core consists largely of iron. Iron is also found in the Sun, asteroids, and stars outside the solar system.

The most common ores of iron are hematite, or ferric oxide (Fe2O3); limonite, or ferric oxide (Fe2O3); magnetite, or iron oxide (Fe3O4); and siderite, or iron carbonate (FeCO3). An increasingly important source of iron is taconite. Taconite is a mixture of hematite and silica (sand). It contains about 25 percent iron. The largest iron resources in the world are in China, Russia, Brazil, Canada, Australia, and India and the largest producers of iron from ore in the world are China, Japan, the United States, Russia, Germany, and Brazil. Iron is one of only three naturally occurring magnetic elements.  

There are four naturally occurring isotopes of iron, iron-54, iron-56, iron-57, and iron-58. Six radioactive isotopes of iron are known also. Two radioactive isotopes of iron are used in medical and scientific research. They are iron-55 and iron-59. These isotopes are used primarily as tracers in studies on blood. A tracer is a radioactive isotope whose presence in a system can easily be detected. The isotope is injected into the system. Inside the system, the isotope gives off radiation. That radiation can be followed by detectors placed around the system. Iron-55 and iron-59 are used to study the way in which red blood cells develop in the body. These studies can be used to tell if a person’s blood is healthy.

Iron goes through a number of stages between ore and final steel product. In the first stage, iron ore is heated with limestone and coke (pure carbon) in a blast furnace. A blast furnace is a very large oven in which the temperature may reach 1,500°C (2,700°F). In the blast furnace, coke removes oxygen from iron ore. The limestone removes impurities in the iron ore. Iron produced by this method is about 91 to 92 percent pure. The main impurity left is carbon from the coke used in the furnace. This form of iron is known as pig iron. Pig iron is generally too brittle (it breaks too easily) to be used in most products. Most scientists believe that the Earth’s core consists largely of iron.

A number of methods have been developed for purifying pig iron. A common method used today is called the basic oxygen process. In this process, pig iron is melted in a large oven. Then pure oxygen gas is blown through the molten pig iron. The oxygen burns off much of the carbon in the pig iron. Although now outdated, iron stoves were once the primary source of heat for homes, as well as a means for cooking. A small amount of carbon remains in the iron. The iron produced in this reaction is known as steel.

The term “steel” actually refers to a wide variety of products. The various forms of steel all contain iron and carbon. They also contain one or more other elements, such as silicon, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, cobalt, nickel, zirconium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Two other steel-like products are cast iron and wrought iron. Cast iron is an alloy of iron, carbon, and silicon. Wrought iron contains iron and any one or more of many other elements. In general, however, wrought iron tends to contain very little carbon.

It would be impossible to list all uses of iron and steel products. In general, those products can be classified into categories: (1) automotive; (2) construction; (3) containers, packaging, and shipping; (4) machinery and industrial equipment; (5) rail transportation; (6) oil and gas industries; (7) electrical equipment; and (8) appliances and utensils.  Some iron is made into compounds. The amount is very small compared to the amount used in steel and other iron alloys. Probably the fastest growing use of iron compounds is in water treatment systems. The terms ferric and ferrous refer to two different forms in which iron occurs in compounds. Some of the important iron compounds are.

Uses of some of the compounds of iron may be mentioned as: ferric acetate is used in the dyeing of cloth; ferric ammonium oxalate is used in blueprints, ferric arsenate is an insecticide, ferric chloride is used in water purification and sewage treatment systems, dyeing of cloth, coloring agent in paints, additive for animal feed, etching material for engraving, photography, and printed circuits; ferric chromate is used as yellow pigment (coloring) for paints and ceramics, ferric hydroxide is brown pigment for coloring rubber and use in water purification systems; ferric phosphate is fertilizer; additive for animal and human foods, ferrous acetate is used in dyeing of fabrics and leather besides being wood preservative; ferrous gluconate is used as a dietary supplement in “iron pills; ferrous oxalate is yellow pigment for paints, plastics, glass, and ceramics, and photographic developer; ferrous sulfate is used in water purification and sewage treatment systems; catalyst in production of ammonia; fertilizer; herbicide; additive for animal feed; wood preservative; additive to flour to increase iron levels.

Iron is of critical importance to plants, humans, and animals. It occurs in hemoglobin, a molecule that carries oxygen in the blood. Hemoglobin picks up oxygen in the lungs, and carries it to the cells. In the cells, oxygen is used to produce energy the body needs to survive, grow, and stay healthy. The U.S. Recommended Daily Allowance (USRDA) for iron is 18 milligrams. The USRDA is the amount of an element that a person needs to stay healthy. Iron is available in a number of foods, including meat, eggs, and raisins.

An iron deficiency (lack of iron) can cause serious health problems in humans. For instance, hemoglobin molecules may not form in sufficient numbers. Or they may lose the ability to carry oxygen. If this occurs, a person develops a condition known as anemia. Anemia results in fatigue. Severe anemia can result in a lowered resistance to disease and an increase in heart and respiratory (breathing) problems. Some forms of anemia can even cause death.

About the Author

 

Dr. Badruddin Khan teaches Chemistry in the University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India

is it ok to drink beer while taking iron tablets?

i am a little anemic but like drinking a six pack of beer everyday, but i have to take iron tablets, so is it safe?

Sure! Guzzle one for me while you’re at it.

Phil Mickelson 2nd shot, 13th hole Masters 2010